It may help explain why black women have higher rates of breast cancer at young ages, a more aggressive form of the disease, and worse survival. It doesn't mean that all black women are at risk or even that all blacks with cancer need genetic counseling or testing, said the study's leader, Dr. Jane Churpek of the University of Chicago.

Experts offer some advice about what to make of this information:

Q. What are the genes?

A. Mostly BRCA1 and BRCA2. Everyone has two copies of these genes, and a mutation in one can give a woman up to an 87 percent risk of developing breast cancer and up to a 54 percent risk for ovarian cancer. Sixteen other genes also can raise risk but are thought to be less common.

Q. Why might blacks have high risk?

A. African-Americans' genes are more diverse than those of many other racial and ethnic groups. Most of the mutations identified in this study were novel, or unique to each woman, Churpek said. It's possible that more detailed tests in whites and other groups might find a higher prevalence of mutations than previous studies have found in them, too.

Q. Should more black women be tested?

A. National guidelines do not specify any groups that should be tested except Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jewish women with breast or ovarian cancer or a close relative who has had one of those diseases. Genetic counseling should be offered to black women who develop breast cancer before age 50, who have a close relative with the disease, or who have "triple-negative" breast cancer. Triple negative means tumors that are not fueled by estrogen, progesterone or the gene that the drug Herceptin targets.

Q. What can be done if a gene mutation is found?

A. Women who find the mutation after they have breast cancer may want to consider removing both breasts or their ovaries. Those who are screened before cancer develops can consider more frequent screening and prevention measures ranging from hormone-blocking drugs to removal of breasts and ovaries. They also can let relatives know about potential family risk.

Q. Why did this study find so many more gene flaws?

A. Standard tests look for just a few common mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The tests cost around $3,000, and insurance will often cover them if a woman has a family history suggesting high risk. A second $750 test is needed to look for a different type of genetic flaw. That test often is not done or covered by insurance.

In the Chicago study, researchers decoded, or sequenced, all 18 genes tied to breast cancer risk, so it could pick up all types of mutations in any of them.

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Online:

Breast cancer: http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer

and http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/brca

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Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP

The new test, which goes on sale Wednesday, joins another one that recently came on the market. Both analyze multiple genes in a biopsy sample and give a score for aggressiveness, similar to tests used now for certain breast and colon cancers.

Doctors say tests like these have the potential to curb a major problem in cancer care overtreatment. Prostate tumors usually grow so slowly they will never threaten a man's life, but some prove fatal and there is no reliable way now to tell which ones will. Treatment with surgery, radiation or hormone blockers isn't needed in most cases and can cause impotence or incontinence, yet most men are afraid to skip it.

"We're not giving patients enough information to make their decision," said Dr. Peter Carroll, chairman of urology at the University of California, San Francisco. "You can shop for a toaster" better than for prostate treatment, he said.

A study he led of the newest test the Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score is set for discussion Wednesday at an American Urological Association meeting in San Diego.

The results suggest the test could triple the number of men thought to be at such low risk for aggressive disease that monitoring is a clearly safe option. Conversely, the test also suggested some tumors were more aggressive than doctors had believed.

Independent experts say such a test is desperately needed but that it's unclear how much information this one adds or whether it will be enough to persuade men with low-risk tumors to forgo treatment, and treat it only if it gets worse. Only 10 percent who are candidates for monitoring choose it now.

"The question is, what's the magnitude of difference that would change the patient's mind?" said Dr. Bruce Roth, a cancer specialist at Washington University in St. Louis.

One man may view a 15 percent chance that his tumor is aggressive as low risk "but someone else might say, 'Oh my God, let's set the surgery up tomorrow,'" he said. "I don't think it's a slam dunk."

Also unknown: Will insurers pay for the expensive test without evidence it leads to better care or saves lives?

The newest test was developed by Genomic Health Inc., which has sold a similar one for breast cancer since 2004. Doctors at first were leery of it until studies in more groups of women proved its value, and the same may happen with the prostate test, said Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, the American Cancer Society's deputy chief medical officer.

The company will charge $3,820 for the prostate test and says it can save money by avoiding costlier, unnecessary treatment. Another test for assessing prostate cancer risk that came out last summer Prolaris by Myriad Genetics Inc. sells for $3,400.

Both companies can sell the tests without Food and Drug Administration approval under separate rules that govern lab diagnostics. Myriad Genetics has published nine studies on Prolaris involving more than 3,000 patients. Genomic Health has not published any results on the prostate test, another thing that makes doctors wary. Yet it has a track record from its breast cancer test.

About 240,000 men in the U.S. are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year, and about half are classified as low risk using current methods. Doctors now base risk estimates on factors such as a man's age and how aggressive cells look from biopsies that give 12 to 14 tissue samples. But tumors often are spread out and vary from one spot to the other.

"Unless you can be sure your biopsy has hit the most aggressive part that's in the prostate, you can't be sure" how accurate your risk estimate is, explained Dr. Eric Klein, chief of urology at the Cleveland Clinic,who led early development of the Oncotype prostate cancer test.

For one study, researchers used prostates removed from 440 men. They measured the activity of hundreds of genes thought to be involved in whether the cancer spread beyond the prostate or proved fatal. A second study of biopsies from 167 patients narrowed it down to 81 genes, and researchers picked 17 that seemed to predict aggressiveness no matter the location in the tumor.

A third study used single needle-biopsy samples from 395 UCSF patients scheduled to have their prostates removed. The gene test accurately predicted the aggressiveness of their cancer once doctors were able to see the whole prostate after surgery.

Using one current method, 37 of the 395 men would have been called very low risk and good candidates for monitoring. Adding the gene test put 100 men into that category, said another study leader, Dr. Matthew Cooperberg of UCSF.The gene test shifted about half of the men into either a lower or a higher risk category.

"It went both ways that was the remarkable thing. In any category of risk it added independent information compared to the standard criteria we use today," Carroll said. "More work needs to be done, but, in my opinion, this is a very good start."

However, Dr. Kevin McVary, chairman of urology at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine and a spokesman for the Urological Association, said the test must be validated in more men before it can be widely used.

"It's not there yet," he said.

UCSF just got a federal grant to see how men choose treatments and whether this test might sway them.

"We throw all these numbers at them. Are they really going to make a better decision?" Cooperberg said.

Dean Smith, 60, a retired marketing executive from Mill Valley, Calif., is following his doctor's advice to monitor the cancer he was diagnosed with in March. He said a gene test may have made him more comfortable with that decision.

At least six of his friends suffered side effects ranging from urinary leakage to inability to have sex after having their prostates removed.

"I would suspect that having cancer and having to live with it would be very difficult for them," but it doesn't bother him, Smith said. "I will die from something other than prostate cancer, I guarantee you."

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Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP

LOS ANGELES (TheWrap.com) - Open Road Films will give "Jobs," which stars Ashton Kutcher as Steve Jobs, a wide release on August 16, TheWrap has learned.

Originally scheduled for release on April 19, "Jobs" will now open against Universal's "Kick-Ass 2," Relativity's "Paranoia" and the Weinstein Company's historical drama "The Butler." Also opening in limited release that day are four fellow Sundance entries -- IFC's "Ain't Them Bodies Saints," Magnolia's "Prince Avalanche," Sony Classics' "Austenland" and Radius-TWC's documentary "Cutie and the Boxer."

Joshua Michael Stern ("Swing Vote") directed "Jobs," which follows the co-founder of Apple from his early years as a wayward hippie to eventually becoming one of the most revered creative entrepreneurs of our time.

Matt Whiteley wrote the film, which co-stars Josh Gad as Steve Wozniak, as well as James Woods, Matthew Modine, Dermot Mulroney, Lukas Haas and Ahna O'Reilly.

Five Star Institute's Mark Hulme financed and produced the movie, which Open Road acquired in a service release deal prior to this year's Sundance Film Festival, where "Jobs" was the closing night film. Both sides decided to wait and create proper buzz before releasing "Jobs" rather than rush the movie out so soon after Sundance.

By opening after most summer blockbusters (Sony's "Elysium" is the last major title on August 9) rather than mid-April, "Jobs" now stands a better chance to succeed and distinguish itself in the marketplace.

The Q10, which comes with the tiny physical keyboard that many BlackBerry fans admire, is the second device powered by the new BlackBerry 10 operating system.

The touchscreen Z10 launched earlier this year.

The U.S. market is crucial for Waterloo, Ontario-based BlackBerry as it seeks to win back market share ceded to Apple Inc's iPhone, Samsung's Galaxy smartphones and other devices powered by Google's Android operating system.

"This is a very exciting day for us, launching with all four major U.S. carriers," BlackBerry Chief Operating Officer Kristian Tear said in an interview.

Tear said BlackBerry, which has long had a strong base of corporate and government users, expected the Q10 to allow it to win back customers who have been using other devices.

He believed demand for the smartphones would be helped by the fact that a majority of top U.S. companies were testing or installing the BlackBerry Enterprise Service system that would allow them to manage the new devices on their internal networks.

"Since everybody is migrating toward this, we expect it will definitely create pull for our (smartphone) products," he said.

"There are a lot of very loyal BlackBerry keyboard users out there who have been waiting for this and I think, with the Q10, we will also be able to win back prior BlackBerry customers, who are now trying other platforms."

The Q10 launched in Canada, Britain and a few other countries two months ago. The U.S. launch was delayed due to a longer carrier-testing process.

The device is already on sale through T-Mobile in the United States, while rivals Verizon and AT&T have begun to accept pre-orders for shipping later this month. Sprint plans to begin selling the devices this summer.

(Reporting by Euan Rocha; Editing by Janet Guttsman and Bernadette Baum)

Starting this month, the fast-food chain says participating 24-hour restaurants in select locations will offer an "After Midnight" menu that includes its Egg McMuffin, Big Mac and Chicken McNuggets. Customers will be able to create "Midnight Value Meals," with either fries or hash browns as their side items, McDonald's says.

A mockup of the menu provided by the company showed an Egg McMuffin paired with French fries, next to the heading, "Dinner or Breakfast? Yes"

The rollout of the menu, which is available from midnight to 4 a.m., builds on a "Breakfast After Midnight" menu the company has been testing. McDonald's notes that franchisees may adapt their offerings based on local preferences.

McDonald's CEO Don Thompson had said in a CNBC interview earlier this year that the company was open to expanding its breakfast hours. Fans of McDonald's breakfast have long wanted the chain to make its Egg McMuffins and biscuits available later in the day. But a hurdle for the company is that operations behind the counter would get too complicated, with workers having to juggle such a wide array of items in a limited space.

Still, Thompson noted at an analyst conference last week that the company is looking to improve its performance by expanding hours and noted that breakfast is a "growing category."

The "After Midnight" menu is already available in northern Delaware and College Station, Texas, according to McDonald's. A spokeswoman did not immediately know how many of its more than 14,000 U.S. restaurants would offer the menu.

McDonald's says nearly half of its restaurants are open 24 hours.

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Follow Candice Choi at www.twitter.com/candicechoi

Zoo officials say the Mangarahara cichlid is thought to be extinct in the wild and that two of the last known individuals both male are in the zoo's aquarium. A third is in the Berlin zoo.

Officials say the species' habitat in Madagascar has dried up due to dam construction.

The zoo on Friday asked aquarium owners and fish collectors to come forward it they know of any living females "so that a vital conservation breeding program can be started."

Officials say a worldwide search of zoo and aquarium organizations has so far proved fruitless.

Tillman threw seven solid innings and the Orioles ended Houston's six-game winning streak with a 4-1 win over the Astros on Tuesday night.

Tillman (5-3) allowed four hits and a run and tied a career-high with eight strikeouts in seven innings to improve to 4-0 with a 2.30 ERA on the road. He bounced back from his last start where he was tagged for a career-worst four home runs against the Nationals.

He was at a loss as to explain why he's been so good on the road.

"I can't put my finger on it," he said. "I go out with the same game plan every time and try to do my best every time."

Teammate Adam Jones has been impressed with Tillman's development.

"He's learning to calm down that crowd," Jones said. "Even when they get rallies, he's learning to take that extra second to gather himself and just to quiet the crowd down and the man is going out there and making good pitches. I've been around Tillman for the past six or seven years and he's starting to really come into his own at this level and it's just good to see."

The 24-year-old Tillman's eight strikeouts were the most he's had since Sept. 11 2009.

"He's still young," manager Buck Showalter said. "I think this is his 63rd start in the big leagues. That's infant stage for starters. Chris has matured into a guy that on a given night you can really count on."

Jim Johnson struck out two in a scoreless ninth for his 19th save.

Brandon Barnes had a solo homer in the sixth for the Astros, who entered the game with the longest winning streak in the majors.

Houston starter Lucas Harrell (4-7) yielded five hits and two runs one earned with a season-high six strikeouts in seven innings.

"Lucas had some things that he needed to straighten out, and it was a learning experience for him," manager Bo Porter said. "He's more composed, things don't snowball the way they did earlier in the season, and that's a credit to him for taking constructive criticism and making adjustments."

The loss ends a surprising week for the Astros where they had a perfect road trip by winning a two-game series with Colorado before a four-game sweep of the Angels.

Danny Valencia led off the third inning with a home run to the first row of the seats in right field to give Baltimore a 1-0 lead. It was the third home run of the season for Valencia in just his ninth game. He hit three home runs in 44 games last season.

"The more you're in there, the more you feel comfortable and you get your results and you feel better and better and better," he said. "Hopefully I can just contribute when I'm in the lineup."

Manny Machado hit a one-out double before advancing to third on a wild pitch with two outs. Machado scored on an error by first baseman Chris Carter on a grounder by Adam Jones that allowed him to reach and put the Orioles ahead 2-0.

Harrell sat down 13 of the next 14 of the next batters he faced after the error, with the only hit coming on a single with two outs in the fourth inning.

Wesley Wright took over for the eighth inning and was greeted with a single by Nate McLouth. He stole second base before swiping third with one out and scoring on that play on an error by catcher Jason Castro when he overthrew third base.

Tillman plunked Carlos Pena to start the second inning before retiring nine in a row, including striking out the side in the third. He walked Carter to start the fifth, but still faced the minimum in that inning when Matt Dominguez grounded into a double play with one out.

Barnes got Houston within one with his solo homer to the Crawford Boxes with one out in the sixth inning.

Jimmy Paredes hit a two-out single in the seventh inning and stole second base. Tillman ended the threat when he battled with Dominguez before striking him out on the 10th pitch of the at-bat.

Barnes, the center fielder, robbed Machado of a hit when he made a diving catch on a fly ball with one out in the fifth inning. Jones also made a nifty catch in center field when he snagged a liner by Jose Altuve over his shoulder while in a full sprint to end the eighth inning.

"I thought we had some pretty good at-bats," Porter said. "It just seemed like when we were hitting the ball hard, Adam Jones was running up Tal's Hill and making great plays."

NOTES: The series continues on Wednesday when Baltimore's Freddy Garcia opposes Dallas Keuchel. ... The Astros are wearing special patches during this series to honor the four firefighters who were killed battling a Houston motel and restaurant fire last week. The patches are black with "HFD" written in white block letters on them. More than a dozen other firefighters were hospitalized after Friday's blaze, the deadliest in the 118-year history of the department. ... Baltimore RF Nick Markakis will miss Wednesday and Thursday's games to attend the funeral of his grandmother. Orioles manager Buck Showalter said he won't go on the bereavement list because he will be back for Friday's game against Tampa Bay.

Bulger's defense lawyers had sought to limit testimony from relatives of the 19 people he and his cohorts are accused of killing.

Attorney J.W. Carney Jr. argued during a pretrial hearing Monday that the families shouldn't be allowed to give victim impact statements like those given during sentencing hearings.

Assistant U.S. Attorney Brian Kelly said they would focus only on factual information, including asking the relatives to identify their loved ones in photos taken after they were killed.

"We do not intend to turn it into a sentencing hearing," Kelly said.

The issue was among more than a dozen pretrial motions heard by U.S. District Court Judge Denise Casper on the eve of Bulger's trial. Jury selection is to begin Tuesday.

Bulger, 83, is charged with a long list of crimes, including participating in 19 killings, in a broad racketeering indictment. Authorities say he committed the crimes while he was an FBI informant.

Bulger fled Boston in 1994 and remained one of the nation's most wanted fugitives until he was captured with his girlfriend in Santa Monica, Calif., in 2011.

The judge ruled that Bulger's FBI informant file can be admitted as evidence during the trial. Prosecutors have said the file contains more than 700 pages of documents chronicling Bulger's role as an informant who provided information on the New England Mafia, his group's main rival.

Bulger's lawyers deny that he was an informant but had planned to use his claim that he received immunity from a federal prosecutor as a defense at trial.

The judge rejected that request in an earlier ruling, finding that any purported immunity agreement was "not a defense to the crimes charged."

Kelly, the prosecutor, argued Monday that Bulger's lawyers appeared to be trying to use the immunity defense despite the judge's ruling. He cited the defense witness list, which includes FBI Director Robert Mueller, former Gov. William Weld and U.S. District Judge Richard Stearns, all of whom worked in the U.S. attorney's office in Boston when Bulger claims he received immunity from another federal prosecutor in the office.

"It seems clear to us that they are trying to put that evidence before the jury in some fashion," Kelly said.

Carney, Bulger's attorney, said the defense has "other reasons" for calling the men as witnesses, but he did not elaborate.

The government's witness list includes a collection of notorious gangsters, including Bulger's former partner, Stephen "The Rifleman" Flemmi, who's serving a life sentence after pleading guilty in 10 murders. Former hitman John Martorano, who admitted killing 20 people, also is expected to testify.

Beginning Tuesday, a pool of 675 people will be called for jury duty. Potential jurors will spend Tuesday and Wednesday filling out questionnaires to be used to screen out people with conflicts. Once the pool is winnowed down, potential jurors will be questioned individually.

The judge has said she hopes to complete the selection process Friday, with opening statements from prosecutors and defense attorneys expected June 10.

Twelve jurors and six alternates will be chosen to sit for the trial, expected to last three months. The judge said the jurors' names won't be made public until after they deliver their verdict.

Jocelyn Noveck, AP National Writer

Plouffe was injured in the 10th inning of Tuesday night's 5-4 loss to the Atlanta Braves.

He slammed into Uggla's leg sliding into second base and remained down for a few minutes before walking slowly to the dugout, holding his head.

During an examination for concussion-related symptoms, Plouffe showed sensitivity to light. He said he was "feeling better" a day later, but Twins weren't taking any chances.

"He took a good shot in the head. That's what this rule is for, to protect the player," manager Ron Gardenhire said. "Give him a little bit of a break here and do what's right. He was a little woozy and that's why there was concern."

The Twins will wait a couple of days before giving Plouffe a concussion impact test. In the meantime, Minnesota purchased the contract of Chris Colabello from Triple-A Rochester and started him in right field for Wednesday's series finale against the Braves. Eduardo Escobar started at third base.

In 2012, Plouffe had a breakout season with 24 homers and 55 RBIs. This year, the 26-year-old is hitting .254 with four homers and 17 RBIs.

The 30-year-old Colabello leads the International League in home runs (12) and slugging percentage (.659). He's second in RBIs (39) and third in average (.358).

"He's been hitting it, absolutely hitting it out there," Gardenhire said. "We'll see what he's got. A left-hander on the mound (Atlanta's Paul Maholm), a good time for a right-hander to be out there. That's what we brought him up here for, to be a right-handed bat. Go get 'em."

Maybe Colabello can bolster an anemic offense. The Twins have scored just 19 runs during a season-high seven-game losing streak.

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Associated Press freelance writer Amy Jinkner-Lloyd contributed to this report.

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Follow Paul Newberry on Twitter at www.twtter.com/pnewberry1963