A "homemade" sink tip system that fits in a leader wallet

When fishing your favorite steelhead run, do you know how deep your fly is working? Is your fly getting down to where you believe the fish to be, or is the current whisking it along above them?

You might know the sink rate of your line (often listed in inches per second or IPS), but this won't tell how deep your fly gets, as sink rates aren't tested in moving water (where you typically swing flies and hook steelhead, trout and salmon). These rates don't take into account line diameter, sinking tip length, and actual line weight in grains. These details are crucial in determining how deep your fly will fish on a given sinking line.

The sheer number and variety of sink tip and sinking lines on the market is mindboggling. Factor in sink tips of numerous lengths, weights, sink rates, along with "density compensated" lines, and you can quickly decide to stick to a trusty floating line and lots of split shot. However, there is a simple and practical way to fish your fly at the depth you want.

Two die hard steelhead anglers, Tom Keelin and Bob Pauli, have researched this issue in exhaustive fashion (under the close supervision of a Portland State University professor). They determined that each uniformly constructed sinking line has its own characteristic "rule number." This number is the number of feet of sinking line required to deliver a small, unweighted fly to a hangdown depth of 1 foot in 3 mph water. Alfonzo Dennard Jersey

For example, ten feet of Type 3 sinking tip line gets the fly a foot deep, making it a Rule 10 line. An intermediate sink tip can be a Rule 16 line, meaning it takes 16 feet of this sink tip to get the fly a foot deep in moving water. 6 feet of line equals 1 foot of fly depth. 12 feet of line puts the fly 2 feet deep, and 30 feet of line equals a fly depth of 5 feet. As such, the rule of six is an easy way to determine how much sinking line is needed to get your fly into the strike zone. Small lengths of LC 13 or T 14 can be precut and fitted with loops for quick depth adjustments while on the water.

Once you understand the rule of six, you can put it to practical use while fishing. Imagine that you want to get your fly 2 feet deep and the current is approximately 3 mph. How many feet of rule 6 line do you need to use? Sink tip length (feet) = 2 x water velocity (mph) x fly depth (feet), or 2x3x2=12. 12 feet of rule 6 line are needed to get your fly to the desired depth. Remember that these numbers can't possibly reflect all dynamics of water and currents that occur instream, but offer a good starting point for estimation.

How can the rule of 6 help lighten your vest? The good news here is that Rio and Cortland sell T 14 and LC 13 by the foot, making it possible to build a complete set of sinking tips for less than some new sinking lines cost. All that's needed are loop connectors, monofilament and a nail knot tool, and a new leader wallet to store them in. These sink tips loop onto your existing floating line, cast easily, and sink quickly due to their small diameter. Come back here next week for pointers on how to build a practical, economical set of sinking tips that will allow you to fish flies deep and cheap. Tight lines!

Detroit Fly Fishing Examiner

Brian Cavasin has been hooked on flyfishing since receiving his first "wand" as a birthday gift. While a University of Michigan degree and gainful employment as an applications engineer for MAHLE Powertrain sometimes interfere, Brian explores numerous Michigan waters with the long rod. His experience has proven that respect for our water resources helps protect the very essence of this sport, in spite of our legislators' efforts to overstock and undervalue this satisfying pastime. Authentic Chris Jones Jersey

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For this type of testing we have test cases that cover all the possible scenarios we can think of, even if that scenario is unlikely to exist "in the real world". When doing this type of testing, we aim for maximum code coverage. We use any test environment we can grab at the time, it doesn't have to be "production" caliber, so long as it's usable.

acceptance testing: This is a validation activity; did we build the right thing? Is this what the customer really needs? cheap oakleys

This is usually done in cooperation with the customer, or by an internal customer proxy (product owner). For this type of testing we use test cases that cover the typical scenarios under which we expect the software to be used. This test must be conducted in a "production like" environment, on hardware that is the same as, or close to, what a customer will use. This is when we test our "ilities": Ryan Mallett Jersey

Reliability, Availability: Validated via a stress test.

Scalabilitiy: Validated via a load test.

Usability: Validated via an inspection and demonstration to the customer. Is the UI configured to their liking? Did we put the customer branding in all the right places? Do we have all the fields/screens they asked for?

Security (aka, Securability, just to fit in): Validated via demonstration. Sometimes a customer will hire an outside firm to do a security audit and/or intrusion testing.

Maintainability: Validated via demonstration of how we will deliver software updates/patches.

Configurability: Validated via demonstration of how the customer can modify the system to suit their needs.

This is by no means standard, and I don't think there is a "standard" definition, as the conflicting answers here demonstrate. The most important thing for your organization is that you define these terms precisely, and stick to them.

The functional test confirms the software performs a function within the boundaries of how you've solved the problem. This is an integral part of developing software, comparable to the testing that is done on mass produced product before it leaves the factory. A functional test verifies that the product actually works as you (the developer) think it does.

Acceptance tests verify the product actually solves the problem it was made to solve. This can best be done by the user (customer), for instance performing his/her tasks that the software assists with. If the software passes this real world test, it's accepted to replace the previous solution. a website). Thus a new feature will only be accepted after days or weeks of use. nike schuhe billi

Functional testing test the product, verifying that it has the qualities you've designed or build (functions, speed, errors, consistency, etc.)

Acceptance testing test the product in its context, this requires (simulation of) human interaction, test it has the desired effect on the original problem(s). DeAndre Hopkins Jersey

Audience. Functional testing is to assure members of the team producing the software that it does what they expect. Acceptance testing is to assure the consumer that it meets their needs.

Scope. Functional testing only tests the functionality of one component at a time.

Software can pass , integration testing, and system testing; only to fail acceptance tests when the customer discovers that the features just don't meet their needs. This would usually imply that someone screwed up on the spec. Software could also fail some functional tests, but pass acceptance testing because the customer is willing to deal with some functional bugs as long as the software does the core things they need acceptably well (beta software will often be accepted by a subset of users before it is completely functional).

A test type is a characteristics, it focuses on a specific test objective. Test types emphasize your quality aspects, also known as technical or non functional aspects. Test types can be executed at any test level. I like to use as test types the quality characteristics mentioned in ISO/IEC 25010:2011.

To make it complete. There's also something called regression testing. This an extra classification next to test level and test type. A regression test is a test you want to repeat because it touches something critical in your product. It's in fact a subset of tests you defined for each test level. If a there's a small bug fix in your product, one doesn't always have the time to repeat all tests. Regression testing is an answer to that.

The answer is opinion. I worked in a lot of projects and being testmanager and issuemanager and all different roles and the descriptions in various books differ so here is my variation:

functional testing: take the business requirements and test all of it good and thorougly from a functional viewpoint.

Mention the name Jessica McClintock in a room full of women of a certain age, their daughters, and maybe even their granddaughters, and you're likely to hear a cry of recognition, followed by embarrassed laughs, and possibly even a groan or two."Gunne Sax!" they cry out, remembering McClintock's line of calico midi dresses and flouncy cotton and jute prom gowns with lace trim that brought the fashion designer to national fame in the 1970s and '80s.That prairie girl aesthetic was romantic and stylish back then wore a Gunne Sax gown to wed in 1975 but it seems hopelessly out of touch compared with the body hugging fashions of today.A millionaire many times over, McClintock could retire, but she hasn't. McClintock declined to comment on current sales figures, but published reports put her annual sales at more than $100 million a decade ago.Dresses and formal gowns are just the tip of her empire: She also sells eyeglass frames, fragrance, furniture, home lighting fixtures and bedding through licensing agreements under her name. Tableware and linens may soon follow.It's big business for a woman considered by fashion industry insiders as more manufacturer than designer. Her dresses sell for a few hundred dollars, not thousands.Cares about workShe doesn't mind that she's rarely mentioned in the same breath as , or , although she is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, the industry's most prominent trade association. What she cares about most, she says, is her work."I used to go to New York a lot, but it was a waste of time," says McClintock, striding energetically through her offices on a recent weekday in a black jacket with white lace cuffs, black leggings and knee high black boots, every hair of her blond like bob in place."Time is everything. Competition is fierce. Decisions have to be made quickly, and the only way you can do it is sitting at a desk, not meeting people around the country. That's passe."The prairie girl aesthetic is passe, too. To keep up with the times, McClintock gives her customers what they want, and because most of them have been raised on celebrity culture, they want flair, not flounces.The prom dress, which she built a career around, is sexy and short these days, in part because she introduced the new length six years ago, a fact noted by Women's Wear Daily in a cover story in June 2005.She started making minis after watching high school promgoers at local hotels trip on their hems and hike up their sagging dresses all night.Her strapless dresses hit midthigh, well above the knee. That doesn't leave a lot of room for fabric, but what's there is important. Cotton, linen and jute have been replaced by what McClintock considers a modern wonder material stretch taffeta which allows for movement and, when coated with acrylic foil, carries a metallic sheen."Mothers go shopping with their daughters, and they're thinking of the past, saying, 'Why don't you do sleeves?' " McClintock says, showing off iridescent platinum, teal and silver numbers she has in stock. "Sleeves are in the past. Strapless sells better. You put straps on a gown, you have to make the straps fit."McClintock, who describes herself as conservative and is a registered Republican, is unapologetic about making sexy clothing for teen girls."Are you kidding?" she retorts. "With everything in the world today? Everything is so seductive! Sure, I make the dresses short. But the girls can wear leggings. I recommend them to anyone wearing a mini."It's ironic that McClintock's dress business is based on minis today. When she started making clothes in 1969, minis were the rage and department store buyers wanted something anything different.McClintock had joined a one woman company called Gunne Sax (named after the burlap gunny sacks used for potatoes) and began designing midi dresses, with hems that ended mid shin. It's an unflattering length she made appealing by pairing her calico and gingham dresses with boots. The look was pure Americana, and Americans liked it especially the bohemian set. fake oakleys

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Sores instead of a coldI have had episodes of canker sores since my youth. I am now 60 and still suffer from them occasionally. I have been using Squigle Toothpaste and eliminated peanuts from my diet which has reduced the number of episodes considerably. Now I notice that they occur when I am about to catch a cold. Instead of the cold, I get canker sores. Haven't determined which is worse as this last episode was so painful, my mouth and head ached and my teeth were very sensitive. This is also the first time I just stopped eating and drinking anything because the pain has been horrible. I take ibuprofen for the pain (800mg). My story is very similar to Tamik's. Usually I get one, and as it peaks, another one is just starting to appear. After 2 or 3, they'll cease for a short period. I have been experimenting with diet and allergens and can pinpoint that toothpaste with Sodium Laurel Sulfate usually triggers a response. Reasonably sure that chocolate has the same effect. I only have chocolate once or twice a year now, and a canker sore usually appears 2 days later. I'm sure stress is a factor, but unless the human condition abates, that factor is probably not going anywhere. Canker Cat Redux

Spoke with a pharmacistI have suffered from repeated canker sores from a young age. I am going through a particularily stressful time (fiance and I both have surgeries) and they are completely out of hand. I spoke with the pharmacist at the hospital and she said to take a complex B vitamin with folic acid and vitamin C. They have a great, affordable vitamin at Kaiser pharmacies. I am starting them today, hopefully they work! Amy

OMG make this pain stopI've had canker sores my whole life, but nothing like I have had in the past year. I became a vegetarian about two years ago, but I take a vitamin to make sure I get all the things I need. I don't know if its stress or age or because I'm a vegetarian. I had blood work done and everything looked fine. He said "Go hit the internet, and let me know what you find." I started drinking a lot of water in the hopes that it would help, but the only time it stopped was over the summer when I didn't run my usual 4 miles every other day. I don't know what to do, I've even tried that Canker Cure, but I don't think it really works. I get them on my tongue, under my tongue, front and back of my mouth. I have no clue what causes them. I am 37 and I have had them since around 12. The only time I have ever experienced relief from them is when I use to smoke. I weighed my options and decided lung cancer would be worse BUT there are days that I wonder. This is truly truly a miserable thing to suffer with. Michelle

antibioticsSo Ive just had my wisdom teeth removed and I'm on penicillin, oxycodone, and IBUprofen. Also I cant eat anything solid therefore Ive been eating soup, ice cream and tons of yogurt. I hope this helps. Jeff Chris Jones Jersey

It's a killerFrom a teen growing up, I have suffered with canker sore's. I'm now 28. I often gets them when am going through stress or heavy alcohol drinking. They go and come every other month, these pain really hurt, can eat, sleep or talk. It usually takes 2 3 weeks to heal, when I go to the doctor all they do is prescribe a treatment to help heal the sores. The best thing i can do is pray an ask GOD to get me out of this. I really want to know if there is a medical cure for this sickness. hit n run

plums, peaches, stressPlums, peaches, stress are three things that give me a canker sore. Joe

Tooth Paste and StrawberriesWell, one thing funny is right now i got one and i got it from Tooth paste strawberries and chocolate all at once and got it gargling saltwater putting 1 or 2 teaspoons of baking soda in a cup and put drips of water in it till its pastry looking use finger or a ear cleaner the cotton sticks and put it on the little sucker and it will feel better or buy some mouthwash CHEAP RECOMMENDED. that is basically what you should do daily. the best way is to go to a dentist or doctor whatever, and let them take care of it. good luck and get well :P Cody

StressI get them every time we go on vacation or when my in laws come over. It makes my teeth feel like they have tooth picks jammed in between and I have been punched in the nose. Cant kiss, talk or eat. Close to the pain of an abscess tooth. guest Canker cat

OuchWell, I tend to have a habit of accidentally biting my gums (Inside of my lip) when I'm eating or talking, or whatever. Whenever I do this, it creates a little cut, and I guess I get bacteria in it, and it cause a canker sore. Ashley Alfonzo Dennard Jersey

From left to right David Price, Ubaldo Jimenez, Ervin Santana, and Matt Garza could find new teams before the start of the 2014 MLB Season. (Photo : Reuters)

Masahiro Tanaka is now out of the free agency market after the Japanese pitcher opted to accept the seven year, $155 million contract offered by the New York Yankees on Wednesday, and now teams who lost out in the Tanaka sweepstakes are expected to pursue the remaining pitchers available on the market or strike trades with currently signed starting pitchers.

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David Price, whose name has been overshadowed by Tanaka in the past several weeks, is expected to become one of the hottest subjects of trade discussions before teams plunge into Spring Training next month. Authentic Brian Cushing Jersey

Price recently signed a one year, $14 million deal with the Tampa Bay Rays, but the deal was just reportedly agreed upon to avoid arbitration, which means that the veteran pitcher is still on the trading block.

Read: Price Still On Trading Block Despite Signing Expensive Deal. NFL Jerseys Cheap

The Arizona Diamondbacks previously expressed desire to trade for Price in December before deciding to prioritize their bid on the Japanese righthander. But after failing to secure Tanaka, the Diamondbacks are expected to revive their interest in Tanaka, which was first reported by ESPN in December.

Aside from the Diamondbacks, MLB analyst Zachary Rymer believes that the Los Angeles Dodgers, who were one of strongest contenders for Tanaka, will be the most likely landing spot for Price if a trade will be made before the start of the 2014 MLB Season.

"Price would elevate their rotation to the best in baseball and the team's odds of winning the World Series in 2014 to about where the Dodgers want them to be," Rymer noted.

Sources indicated that the Dodgers, Diamondbacks, Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs are highly interested in Jimenez. Andre Johnson Womens Jersey

The Toronto Blue Jays are also expected to make a strong push for Jimenez and Ubaldo in the coming weeks.

Jimenez and Santana previously turned down a one year qualifying offer from the Cleveland Indians and Kansas City Royals, respectively, which means that the team that signs the free agent pitchers will have to lose a top draft pick.

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Canada defeated Russia, 5 4, in the title game at the Air Canada Centre. Authentic Dwight Clark Jersey

Domi notched one goal and two assists in the gold medal game, and finished the tournament with five goals and five assists in seven games. He was voted to the tournament All Star Team and was named the tournament Best Forward. Tom Rathman 49ers Jersey

"This is unbelievable," Domi told TSN after the game. "We all proud of each other. We been working a long time and this feels pretty good right now Every single guy in that room bought in from Day One and we worked hard every shift, every practice, every game. We deserve it."

The Coyotes selected Domi with the 12th overall pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He is playing this season for the London Knights in the Ontario Hockey League.

Prospect Anton Karlsson, whom the Coyotes selected 87th overall at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, also participated in the tournament for Team Sweden. Karlsson notched two assists in seven games for the Swedes, who placed fourth. NHL, NHL Shield, the word mark and image of the Stanley Cup and NHL Conference logos are registered trademarks of the National Hockey League. Deion Sanders Jersey